公園(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)化(hua)養(yang)護(hu)帶(dai)養(yang)護(hu)一鍵噴滴(di)灌(guan)模式新技術(shu)性在國家(jia)的進步(bu)初(chu)始較(jiao)慢,之前(qian)多(duo)操作于高爾夫球體育場等(deng)高端修閑(xian)休閑(xian)的地(di)點,近兩以來(lai)來(lai)伴隨(sui)著地(di)市凈(jing)(jing)(jing)化(hua)養(yang)護(hu)帶(dai)養(yang)護(hu)美化(hua)手機的進步(bu),公園(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)化(hua)養(yang)護(hu)帶(dai)養(yang)護(hu)一鍵滴(di)灌(guan)模式新技術(shu)性在地(di)市凈(jing)(jing)(jing)化(hua)養(yang)護(hu)帶(dai)養(yang)護(hu)、花卉植(zhi)物及人工(gong)(gong)草坪生產銷售方(fang)位到廣操作。
1、第四代住房室外花園庭院綠化自動灌溉系統的特點與城市綠地噴灌相比,第四代住房綠化自動微噴灌及滴灌系統具有如下特點:
(1)第四代(dai)住(zhu)房室外花園(yuan)庭(ting)院(yuan)具有休閑、觀(guan)賞、娛樂的(de)特(te)點,灌溉系統要(yao)與現有景觀(guan)相互協調、配合,既要(yao)滿足草(cao)坪、花卉、樹(shu)木生長的(de)需要(yao),又要(yao)具有觀(guan)賞性,要(yao)具有較好的(de)景觀(guan)效果。
(2)第(di)四代住房室外(wai)花園庭院(yuan)通常(chang)根(gen)據(ju)園林設計的特點呈現不規則形狀,并為了美(mei)化伴有各(ge)種灌木、奇石等造型。因此給灌溉(gai)(gai)系統的規劃、設計及施(shi)工帶來一定(ding)的難度(du),相對于城市綠地灌溉(gai)(gai)來說(shuo),其技(ji)術(shu)要求較高(gao)。
(3)第(di)四代住房(fang)室(shi)(shi)外(wai)花園(yuan)庭院對(dui)灌(guan)溉(gai)技術(shu)方面的要(yao)求:第(di)四代住房(fang)室(shi)(shi)外(wai)花園(yuan)庭院的主要(yao)作物是(shi)草坪、花卉、矮樹,根系(xi)活動層(ceng)多在20~100cm左右,因而(er)淺(qian)澆勤灌(guan)成為(wei)其(qi)突出特點,傳(chuan)統(tong)地面灌(guan)水方式(shi)很難滿足要(yao)求,極易造(zao)成水資源(yuan)流失和植被(bei)根系(xi)長時(shi)間浸水。同時(shi),相(xiang)對(dui)地面綠地空(kong)(kong)間而(er)言,空(kong)(kong)中室(shi)(shi)外(wai)花園(yuan)庭院空(kong)(kong)間顯得相(xiang)對(dui)狹小,不(bu)能(neng)搖(yao)臂式(shi)地噴(pen)(pen)水,否則容易對(dui)樓下公共區域造(zao)成以(yi)外(wai)噴(pen)(pen)淋。時(shi)下從國內外(wai)園(yuan)林綠化(hua)灌(guan)溉(gai)技術(shu)的發展(zhan)來看,微噴(pen)(pen)灌(guan)及滴溉(gai)技術(shu)是(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)理想的灌(guan)水方式(shi),而(er)且其(qi)霧化(hua)效(xiao)果(guo)好(hao),水滴小,對(dui)花卉和草坪的打擊強度較(jiao)(jiao)小。
2、第四代住房智能自動化微噴灌及滴溉技術的特點和設計思想
(1)維持(chi)現(xian)有景(jing)觀(guan),配合地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌特點,注重灌(guan)溉噴灑的(de)觀(guan)賞性,做(zuo)到美(mei)觀(guan)實(shi)用,基于此,第四代住房室外(wai)花(hua)園(yuan)庭院綠化(hua)工程多(duo)采用自動化(hua)微噴灌(guan)及滴灌(guan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。其(qi)中噴頭(tou)多(duo)為埋(mai)藏式伸縮噴頭(tou),安裝時(shi)頂部與草坪地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)平(ping)齊(qi),當管道(dao)中有壓力水(shui)時(shi),噴頭(tou)的(de)噴嘴(zui)部分彈(dan)出地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)約5cm~10cm,無水(shui)壓時(shi),噴嘴(zui)保持(chi)與地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)平(ping)齊(qi),不影(ying)響割草等日(ri)常活動。與目(mu)前一些地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方應用豎(shu)鐵管加搖臂式噴頭(tou)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)相比,其(qi)優(you)點明顯(xian):管道(dao)多(duo)采用PVC塑(su)料管,全部埋(mai)在地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下,可很方便地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)與噴頭(tou)相連;控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)多(duo)由電(dian)子調諧可編程控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器和交流信(xin)號控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)電(dian)磁閥組成。
(2)為了使灌溉(gai)綠(lv)化達到美觀、賞心悅(yue)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo),在灌溉(gai)的(de)(de)(de)整體布局上(shang)多采用對(dui)稱布局及間隔布置(zhi)相結合。具體布置(zhi)時大面積地塊中部(bu)宜(yi)采用高仰角、大流量的(de)(de)(de)噴頭,其具有較大的(de)(de)(de)噴灑(sa)半徑和較高的(de)(de)(de)噴灑(sa)弧線的(de)(de)(de)灌水(shui)器,噴灑(sa)時呈(cheng)全圓或扇形旋轉噴灑(sa),具有較好的(de)(de)(de)動感效(xiao)果(guo)。
足(zu)球(qiu)場草皮分(fen)界及(ji)足(zu)球(qiu)場草皮內(nei)石板路邊進行上(shang)用(yong)于小(xiao)灌水(shui)器,以達(da)成花卉環抱。為把控好在每一塊地的(de)(de)四邊地方存在漏噴射的(de)(de)情況,足(zu)球(qiu)場草皮周(zhou)圈四邊把控好點上(shang)用(yong)于小(xiao)灌水(shui)器,并呈180度(du)和70度(du)扇形(xing)(xing)噴射,并保(bao)持不(bu)噴射在較近公(gong)路及(ji)樓(lou)下(xia)住戶。這般的(de)(de)部(bu)置在運動時更顯(xian)得(de)極為出色,愈加上(shang)地形(xing)(xing)類型(xing)的(de)(de)小(xiao)崎嶇,一小(xiao)部(bu)分(fen)噴射規(gui)模的(de)(de)景觀規(gui)劃設(she)計特(te)效好和不(bu)規(gui)則度(du)都極為不(bu)錯(cuo)。特(te)定位置上(shang)布設(she)徽型(xing)滴灌輸水(shui)管線,做到全方向位置澆水(shui)的(de)(de)特(te)效好。
(3)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原理(li)及(ji)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)。第四代住房智能(neng)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)微噴(pen)灌系(xi)統(tong)(tong)多采(cai)用控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)磁閥(fa),從而(er)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)整個(ge)灌溉系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。設(she)計中可(ke)根(gen)據(ju)實際情況將整個(ge)范圍劃分成若(ruo)干(gan)小區,電(dian)磁閥(fa)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)各小區首部,由一根(gen)信號線(xian)(xian)和一根(gen)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器相連。通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器很(hen)方便地進行(xing)程序編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),選擇好(hao)一周中哪一天進行(xing)噴(pen)灌及(ji)灌水的(de)開始和結束時間,便很(hen)容易地對整個(ge)噴(pen)灌系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進行(xing)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了。除全(quan)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)還可(ke)實現半自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)以(yi)及(ji)完全(quan)手動(dong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),運行(xing)管理(li)十(shi)分方便。
(4)灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源設計。第(di)四代(dai)住(zhu)房智能自動化微噴(pen)灌多采(cai)用(yong)市(shi)政自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。若(ruo)室外花園(yuan)庭(ting)院綠地(di)面積(ji)較(jiao)小,選用(yong)微噴(pen)頭較(jiao)少時,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源處一(yi)(yi)(yi)般不(bu)需加(jia)壓;若(ruo)室外花園(yuan)庭(ting)院綠地(di)面積(ji)較(jiao)大,布設管(guan)道較(jiao)長,通常要在市(shi)政自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)基礎上(shang)加(jia)壓,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般需將(jiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)臺(tai)管(guan)道泵(beng)串聯在管(guan)道中(zhong),其(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)線(xian)路連(lian)接需由控(kong)制(zhi)器同時控(kong)制(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)和(he)電磁閥(fa)的(de)開啟,因而要將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)的(de)交流接觸(chu)器并聯在電磁閥(fa)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)線(xian)路中(zhong),以實(shi)現水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)電磁閥(fa)及(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)的(de)全自動化控(kong)制(zhi)。